SEXUAL HARASSMENT INFORMATION SHEET


 

WHAT IS SEXUAL HARASSMENT?

 

Sexual harassment is the sexualization of an otherwise nonsexual relationship. It includes harassment that is not sexual in nature, but occurs because of the gender of the person being harassed. Sexual harassment is not about sex, it is a tool of power and domination. Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination which is usually directed at women, but may be directed at either women or men.

 

HOW OFTEN DOES IT OCCUR?

 

* All women have been sexually harassed at sometime or another, for sexual harassment can happen from the moment of birth until the moment of death and sometimes even after death (Georgie Porgie: Sexual Harassment in Everyday Life. Sue Wise and Liz Stanley. London: Pandora, 1987).

* 4 out of 5 students (81%) have experienced some form of sexual harassment during their school lives (Hostile Hallways, American Association of University Women, 1993).

* There were 5,557 complaints of sexual harassment filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 1990. 15,549 complaints were filed with the EEOC in 1995. This represents an increase of 280% in the last five years.

* Women are nine times more likely than men to quit jobs because of sexual harassment, five times more likely to transfer and three times more likely to lose jobs ("Impact of Work Experiences Toward Sexual Harassment" by Allison M. Konrad and Barbara A. Gutek, in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 31, September 1986).

* In a study of 2000 female students, 89% reported having experienced inappropriate sexual comments, gestures and looks; 83% had been touched, grabbed or pinched; 40% reported these incidents occurred daily at school (Secrets in Public: Sexual Harassment in Our Schools. Nan Stein, et al. Center for Research on Women. Wellesley College and NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, 1993.)

* Nearly half of the 832 working women in researcher Barbara Guteck's 1985 study said they'd been harassed. None had taken any legal action. Only 22% had ever told anybody about the harassment (The 9to5 Guide to Combatting Sexual Harassment. Ellen Bravo and Ellen Cassedy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1992).

* In a 1993 survey of over 400 females at the level of vice-president and higher, at the largest American industrial and service firms, two-thirds reported havig been sexually harassed (Sexual Harassment in the Federal Workplace, the U.S. Merit Systems Protections Board’s report to the President and Congress, 1995).

* In a 1994 survey of federal workers, 44% of women and 19% of men reported that they had experienced some form of unwanted sexual harassment within the preceding two years (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 1995). Only 6% of those experiencing sexual harassment took formal action. The most common reason given by those who didn’t take formal action was that they didn’t think the situation was serious enough to warrant it.

* Sexual harassment in the federal workplace cost the government an estimated $327 million during the two-year period from April 1992 to April 1994 (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 1995).

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF HARASSERS

 

There are no typical harassers. Harassers exist in all types of occupations and are not limited by organizational levels or status. They exist in the educational system as professors, teachers and even as students. Except for their harassing behaviors, they may lead exemplory lives. Most harassers are older than their victims, married and of the same race. Exceptions to this profile can and do exist. Often a pattern of harassment exists in the harassers life. In sexual harassment cases the accuser becomes the accused and is therefore twice victimized.

 

ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED SEXUAL HARASSMENT

 

Sexual harassment may encompass a full range of coercive behaviors from subtle psychological force to physical abuse.

· Undressing a person with one's eyes

· Caressing a person's hand

· Using sexually explicit language

· Picking lint or hair off of a person's clothing in a personal area

· "Accidently," brushing against someone

· Direct verbal abuse and propositions

· Hugging, grabbing, kissing or directly touching

· Coercion of sexual activity by threat of punishment

· Gross sexual imposition like touching, fondling, grabbing or assaulting

· Talking about sexually explicit movies or TV shows

· Asking sexual questions

· Inquiring and projecting about one's sexual interests

· Discussing the size of sexual organs

· Questioning a woman's judgment or decisions because "she's a woman"

· Devaluing a woman because "she has PMS"

· Creating a hostile work environment

· General sexist remarks and behavior

· Solicitation of sexual activity or other sex-linked behavior by promise of rewards

· Displaying pornography in the workplace

 

This information was revised in 1997 by the Wisconsin Coalition Against Sexual Assault (WCASA). WCASA is a membership organization of sexual assault centers and other organizations and individuals throughout Wisconsin who are working to end sexual violence. For information sheets on additional topics or for membership information, contact WCASA, 123 E. Main St. Madison, WI 53703 (608) 257-1516. For more information about sexual assault or to receive support around a sexual assault experience, contact your local sexual assault program. This sheet may be reproduced.